Many independent researchers around the world study coffee and health, publishing hundreds of scientific studies each year. Here we’ve gathered examples of peer-reviewed research that shows that drinking coffee is linked to many significant health benefits.
This research library highlights the most comprehensive studies on coffee and health, focusing on the topics that matter most to coffee drinkers and information-seekers like you. We know there’s a lot of research out there, and our goal is to make it quicker and easier for you to find information backed by multiple, high-quality studies.
We have prioritized literature reviews and meta-analyses that draw conclusions based on reviewing a large number of individual studies—these are considered to offer stronger evidence and conclusions. Studies included here have been reviewed by the NCA, in partnership with its medical and food safety advisors.
Unless otherwise noted, the studies cited here were not funded, designed, or fielded by the National Coffee Association.
Categories
Athletic Performance
Citations
Southward K, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ, Ali A. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2018 Aug;48(8):1913-1928. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0939-8. Erratum in: Sports Med. 2018 Oct;48(10):2425-2441. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0967-4. PMID: 29876876.
Citations
Grgic J, Grgic I, Pickering C, Schoenfeld BJ, Bishop DJ, Pedisic Z. Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Jun;54(11):681-688. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100278. Epub 2019 Mar 29. PMID: 30926628.
Conclusion Statement
Based on a review of peer-reviewed literature and critical analysis thereof regarding the effects of coffee on exercise performance, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society:
- Coffee is a complex matrix of hundreds of compounds. These are consumed with broad variability based upon serving size, bean type (e.g. common Arabica vs. Robusta), and brew method (water temperature, roasting method, grind size, time, and equipment). This affects consensus in the literature.
- Coffee’s constituents, including but not limited to caffeine, have neuromuscular, antioxidant, endocrine, cognitive, and probable metabolic (e.g. glucose disposal, vasodilation) effects that impact exercise performance and recovery.
- Coffee’s physiologic effects are influenced by dose, timing, habituation to a small degree (to coffee or caffeine), nutrigenetics, and potentially by gut microbiota differences, sex, and training status.
- Coffee and/or its components improve performance across a temporal range of activities from reaction time, through brief power exercises, and into the aerobic time frame in most but not all studies. These broad (and varied) effects have been demonstrated in males (mostly) and in females, with effects that can differ from caffeine ingestion, per se. More research is needed.
- Optimal dosing and timing is approximately two to four cups (approximately 473–946 ml or 16-32 oz.) of typical hot-brewed or reconstituted instant coffee, depending on individual sensitivity and body size, providing a caffeine equivalent of 3–6 mg/kg (among other components such as chlorogenic acids at approximately 100–400 mg/cup) 60 minutes prior to exercise.
- Coffee has a history of controversy regarding side effects but is generally considered safe and beneficial for healthy, exercising individuals in the suggested dose range above.
- Coffee can serve as a vehicle for other dietary supplements and it can interact with nutrients in other foods.
- A dearth of literature exists examining coffee-specific ergogenic and recovery effects, as well as variability in the operational definition of “coffee,” making conclusions more challenging than when examining caffeine in its many other forms of delivery (capsules, energy drinks, “pre-workout” powders, gum, etc.).
Citations
Lowery LM, Anderson DE, Scanlon KF, Stack A, Escalante G, Campbell SC, Kerksick CM, Nelson MT, Ziegenfuss TN, VanDusseldorp TA, Kalman DS, Campbell BI, Kreider RB, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: coffee and sports performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023 Dec;20(1):2237952. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2237952. PMID: 37498180; PMCID: PMC10375938.
Citations
Marcus GM, Rosenthal DG, Nah G, Vittinghoff E, Fang C, Ogomori K, Joyce S, Yilmaz D, Yang V, Kessedjian T, Wilson E, Yang M, Chang K, Wall G, Olgin JE. Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health among Ambulatory Adults. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 23;388(12):1092-1100. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204737. PMID: 36947466; PMCID: PMC10167887.
Citations
Grgic J, Pickering C. The effects of caffeine ingestion on isokinetic muscular strength: A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Mar;22(3):353-360. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.08.016. Epub 2018 Aug 30. PMID: 30217692.
Brain and Mental Health
Citations
Zhang T, Song J, Shen Z, Yin K, Yang F, Yang H, Ma Z, Chen L, Lu Y, Xia Y. Associations between different coffee types, neurodegenerative diseases, and related mortality: findings from a large prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Oct;120(4):918-926. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.012. Epub 2024 Aug 19. PMID: 39168304.
Citations
Sun D, Gao Y, Xu B, Xiang L, Liu W, Luo H, Wu IXY. Association of coffee consumption with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study in the UK biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Aug 8:S0939-4753(24)00301-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.08.004. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39277537.
Citations
Li F, Liu X, Jiang B, Li X, Wang Y, Chen X, Su Y, Wang X, Luo J, Chen L, Li J, Lv Q, Xiao J, Wu J, Ma J, Qin P. Tea, coffee, and caffeine intake and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Food Funct. 2024 Aug 12;15(16):8330-8344. doi: 10.1039/d4fo01750a. PMID: 39054894.
Citations
Narita Z, Hidese S, Kanehara R, Tachimori H, Hori H, Kim Y, Kunugi H, Arima K, Mizukami S, Tanno K, Takanashi N, Yamagishi K, Muraki I, Yasuda N, Saito I, Maruyama K, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Sawada N. Association of sugary drinks, carbonated beverages, vegetable and fruit juices, sweetened and black coffee, and green tea with subsequent depression: A five-year cohort study. Clin Nutr. 2024 Jun;43(6):1395-1404. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.017. Epub 2024 Apr 17. PMID: 38691982.
Citations
Zhu Y, Hu CX, Liu X, Zhu RX, Wang BQ. Moderate coffee or tea consumption decreased the risk of cognitive disorders: an updated dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2024 May 10;82(6):738-748. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad089. PMID: 37523229.
Citations
Sakamaki T, Kayaba K, Kotani K, Namekawa M, Hamaguchi T, Nakaya N, Ishikawa S. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japan with 18 years of follow-up: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Public Health. 2021 Feb;191:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.021. Epub 2021 Jan 18. PMID: 33476939.
Citations
Shao C, Tang H, Wang X, He J. Coffee Consumption and Stroke Risk: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of more than 2.4 Million Men and Women. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Jan;30(1):105452. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105452. Epub 2020 Nov 11. PMID: 33188952.
Citations
Paz-Graniel I, Babio N, Becerra-Tomás N, Toledo E, Camacho-Barcia L, Corella D, Castañer-Niño O, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Martínez JA, Serra-Majem L, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Fernandez-Aranda F, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Tur JA, García-Rios A, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Daimiel L, Sánchez VM, Vidal J, Prieto-Sanchez L, Ros E, Razquin C, Mestres C, Sorli JV, Cuenca-Royo AM, Rios A, Torres-Collado L, Vaquero-Luna J, Pérez-Farinós N, Zulet MA, Sanchez-Villegas A, Casas R, Bernal-Lopez MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Corbella X, Mateos D, Buil-Cosiales P, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernandez-Carrion R, Forcano-Gamazo L, López M, Sempere-Pascual MÁ, Moreno-Rodriguez A, Gea A, de la Torre-Fornell R, Salas-Salvadó J; PREDIMED-Plus Investigators. Association between coffee consumption and total dietary caffeine intake with cognitive functioning: cross-sectional assessment in an elderly Mediterranean population. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Aug;60(5):2381-2396. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02415-w. Epub 2020 Oct 30. PMID: 33125576.
Citations
Ribeiro EM, Alves M, Costa J, Ferreira JJ, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. Safety of coffee consumption after myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov 27;30(12):2146-2158. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.016. Epub 2020 Jul 23. PMID: 33158718.
Conclusion Statement
Citations
Dong X, Li S, Sun J, Li Y, Zhang D. Association of Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee and Caffeine Intake from Coffee with Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 20;12(3):840. doi: 10.3390/nu12030840. PMID: 32245123; PMCID: PMC7146118.
Cancer
Citations
Huang C, Bu H, Wang Y, Chu R, Zhao W, Liu Y, Wu H, Yao S. Association between coffee and tea consumption and ovarian cancer incidence: A prospective analysis in the PLCO dataset. Int J Cancer. 2024 Sep 15;155(6):1033-1044. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34982. Epub 2024 May 11. PMID: 38733325.
Conclusion Statement
Citations
Oyelere AM, Kok DE, Bos D, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Keski-Rahkonen P, de Wilt JHW, van Halteren HK, Kouwenhoven EA, van Duijnhoven FJB, Kampman E. Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. Int J Cancer. 2024 Jun 15;154(12):2054-2063. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34879. Epub 2024 Feb 12. PMID: 38346920.
Citations
Yu J, Liang D, Li J, Liu Z, Zhou F, Wang T, Ma S, Wang G, Chen B, Chen W. Coffee, Green Tea Intake, and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer. 2023;75(5):1295-1308. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2178949. Epub 2023 Apr 10. PMID: 37038314.
Conclusion Statement
In conclusion, we found that increased coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of EC. The inverse association between coffee consumption and EC risk was especially strong among females who were overweight or obese. No effect modification by other EC risk factors was observed. Our results further support the potential beneficial health effects of coffee consumption in relation to EC. Further research to assess the potential causality of such an association as well as gain a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is warranted.
Citations
Crous-Bou M, Du M, Gunter MJ, Setiawan VW, Schouten LJ, Shu XO, Wentzensen N, Bertrand KA, Cook LS, Friedenreich CM, Gapstur SM, Goodman MT, Ibiebele TI, La Vecchia C, Levi F, Liao LM, Negri E, McCann SE, O’Connell K, Palmer JR, Patel AV, Ponte J, Reynolds P, Sacerdote C, Sinha R, Spurdle AB, Trabert B, van den Brandt PA, Webb PM, Petruzella S, Olson SH, De Vivo I; Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a pooled analysis of individual participant data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Nov;116(5):1219-1228. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac229. Epub 2023 Feb 10. PMID: 36041172; PMCID: PMC9630862.
Citations
Cho HJ, Yoo JY, Kim AN, Moon S, Choi J, Kim I, Ko KP, Lee JE, Park SK. Association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in over 190,000 individuals: data from two prospective studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun;73(4):513-521. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2002829. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PMID: 34779701.
Conclusion Statement
In Asian populations, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death overall and with lower risks of death from CVD and cancer. Green tea consumption is associated with lower risks of death from all causes and CVD.
Citations
Shin S, Lee JE, Loftfield E, Shu XO, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Saito E, Islam MR, Tsugane S, Sawada N, Tsuji I, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Sadakane A, Ozasa K, Oze I, Ito H, Shin MH, Ahn YO, Park SK, Shin A, Xiang YB, Cai H, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Yoo KY, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Ahsan H, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Potter JD, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Sinha R. Coffee and tea consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective studies from the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2022 May 9;51(2):626-640. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab161. PMID: 34468722; PMCID: PMC9308394.
Citations
Shahinfar H, Jayedi A, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Coffee consumption and cardiovascular diseases and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Aug 26;31(9):2526-2538. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 May 24. PMID: 34112583.
Conclusion Statement
The association between diet and risk of cancer has been extensively studied. Taking into account the inclusion of only observational studies and the limitations of the dietary assessment methods that may bias risk estimates, we found strong or highly suggestive evidence to support: (a) the positive association of alcohol consumption and risk of colon, rectum, breast, esophageal, head and neck, and liver cancer, (b) the inverse association of calcium, dairy, and whole grain consumption and risk of CRC, and (c) the inverse association of coffee consumption and risk of liver and skin basal cell carcinoma. Other associations could be genuine, but substantial uncertainty remains. Additional similar research is unlikely to change current evidence for most associations with few exceptions that pertained mostly to currently observed null associations between single dietary factors and understudied malignancies. Future research should instead focus on new and improved methods (e.g., repeated web-based dietary records, biomarkers of nutritional status) to measure the time-varying nature of nutrition, the role of early life diet, the assessment of overall diet patterns, the investigation of the biological processes involved in the diet–cancer associations, the study of molecular cancer subtypes and outcomes after cancer diagnosis, and the interaction of diet patterns with the rest of the exposome (e.g., environment, behavior, genome, metabolome, proteome, epigenome, gut microflora, etc.). For public health and policy, efforts should be targeted to deter the known major diet-related risk factors for cancer, particularly obesity and alcohol consumption.
Citations
Papadimitriou N, Markozannes G, Kanellopoulou A, Critselis E, Alhardan S, Karafousia V, Kasimis JC, Katsaraki C, Papadopoulou A, Zografou M, Lopez DS, Chan DSM, Kyrgiou M, Ntzani E, Cross AJ, Marrone MT, Platz EA, Gunter MJ, Tsilidis KK. An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites. Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 28;12(1):4579. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24861-8. PMID: 34321471; PMCID: PMC8319326.
Citations
Di Maso M, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Bravi F. Caffeinated Coffee Consumption and Health Outcomes in the US Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Estimation of Disease Cases and Deaths Avoided. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jul 30;12(4):1160-1176. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa177. PMID: 33570108; PMCID: PMC8321867.
Citations
Sakamaki T, Kayaba K, Kotani K, Namekawa M, Hamaguchi T, Nakaya N, Ishikawa S. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japan with 18 years of follow-up: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Public Health. 2021 Feb;191:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.021. Epub 2021 Jan 18. PMID: 33476939.
Conclusion Statement
Even though coffee has been associated with a lower risk of several common cancers in the literature, the associations for only liver cancer and endometrial cancer were supported by highly suggestive evidence. Findings for cancer at other sites were less consistent, presenting hints of uncertainty and/or bias, which need more confirmative studies in the future.
Citations
Zhao LG, Li ZY, Feng GS, Ji XW, Tan YT, Li HL, Gunter MJ, Xiang YB. Coffee drinking and cancer risk: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Cancer. 2020 Feb 5;20(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-6561-9. PMID: 32024485; PMCID: PMC7003434.
Conclusion Statement
Drinking coffee, even 1 cup/d, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular, infectious and digestive diseases.
Citations
Yamakawa M, Wada K, Goto Y, Mizuta F, Koda S, Uji T, Nagata C. Associations between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese city: the Takayama study. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Oct;22(14):2561-2568. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000764. Epub 2019 May 20. Erratum in: Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):189-191. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004567. PMID: 31107195; PMCID: PMC10260682.
Citations
Kim Y, Je Y, Giovannucci E. Coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis by potential modifiers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019 Aug;34(8):731-752. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00524-3. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31055709.
Citations
Abe SK, Saito E, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Ito H, Lin Y, Tamakoshi A, Sado J, Kitamura Y, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I, Nagata C, Sadakane A, Shimazu T, Mizoue T, Matsuo K, Naito M, Tanaka K, Inoue M; Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japanese men and women: A pooled analysis of eight population-based cohort studies in Japan (Japan Cohort Consortium). Prev Med. 2019 Jun;123:270-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 2. PMID: 30951734.
Citations
Loftfield E, Cornelis MC, Caporaso N, Yu K, Sinha R, Freedman N. Association of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK Biobank. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1086-1097. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2425. PMID: 29971434; PMCID: PMC6143111.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.
Citations
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5024. Erratum in: BMJ. 2018 Jan 12;360:k194. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k194. PMID: 29167102; PMCID: PMC5696634.
Conclusion Statement
These results confirm prior findings on the reduced risk of mortality associated with coffee drinking but additionally show that this relationship does not vary by country where coffee preparation and drinking habits may differ. The study also reports novel inverse relationships between coffee drinking and digestive disease mortality.
Citations
Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Cross AJ, Dossus L, Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Larsen SC, Redondo Cornejo ML, Agudo A, Sánchez Pérez MJ, Altzibar JM, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Khaw KT, Butterworth A, Bradbury KE, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Grioni S, Vineis P, Panico S, Tumino R, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Siersema P, Leenders M, Beulens JWJ, Uiterwaal CU, Wallström P, Nilsson LM, Landberg R, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Braaten T, Brennan P, Licaj I, Muller DC, Sinha R, Wareham N, Riboli E. Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries: A Multinational Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):236-247. doi: 10.7326/M16-2945. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693038; PMCID: PMC5788283.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations
Citations
Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693036; PMCID: PMC7494322.
Citations
Loomis D, Guyton KZ, Grosse Y, Lauby-Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Mattock H, Straif K; International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. Carcinogenicity of drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jul;17(7):877-878. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30239-X. Epub 2016 Jun 15. PMID: 27318851.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee drinking was inversely associated with overall mortality in this large, population-based cohort following adjustment for smoking history and other potential confounders. This association was largely due to inverse associations with several leading causes of death, including heart disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, and intentional self-harm. While we did not observe an association between coffee and cancer mortality, it is possible, given an average of 9 years of follow-up time, that the association between coffee drinking and cancers with a long duration between diagnosis and death (i.e., prostate cancer) could not be observed or that coffee reduces mortality risk for some cancers but not others.
Citations
Loftfield E, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Guertin KA, Black A, Huang WY, Shebl FM, Mayne ST, Sinha R. Association of Coffee Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Dec 15;182(12):1010-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv146. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PMID: 26614599; PMCID: PMC5875735.
Citations
Ding M, Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Hu Y, Sun Q, Han J, Lopez-Garcia E, Willett W, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts. Circulation. 2015 Dec 15;132(24):2305-15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341. Epub 2015 Nov 16. PMID: 26572796; PMCID: PMC4679527.
Citations
Löf M, Sandin S, Yin L, Adami HO, Weiderpass E. Prospective study of coffee consumption and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in Swedish women. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015 Sep;30(9):1027-34. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0052-3. Epub 2015 Jun 16. PMID: 26076920.
Conclusion Statement
With this prospective study, we suggest that the habitual intake of coffee is associated with lower risk of total mortality and 3 leading causes of death in Japan.
Citations
Saito E, Inoue M, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of coffee intake with total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):1029-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104273. Epub 2015 Mar 11. PMID: 25762807.
Citations
Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):285. PMID: 22591295; PMCID: PMC3439152.
Citations
Tamakoshi A, Lin Y, Kawado M, Yagyu K, Kikuchi S, Iso H; JACC Study Group. Effect of coffee consumption on all-cause and total cancer mortality: findings from the JACC study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;26(4):285-93. doi: 10.1007/s10654-011-9548-7. Epub 2011 Feb 6. PMID: 21298466.
Conclusion Statement
Consumption of coffee, a major source of dietary antioxidants, may inhibit inflammation and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women.
Citations
Andersen LF, Jacobs DR Jr, Carlsen MH, Blomhoff R. Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1039. PMID: 16685044.
Cardiometabolic Health
Citations
Sun D, Gao Y, Xu B, Xiang L, Liu W, Luo H, Wu IXY. Association of coffee consumption with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study in the UK biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Aug 8:S0939-4753(24)00301-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.08.004. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39277537.
Conclusion Statement
In conclusion, this prospective study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between coffee consumption and BP by providing evidence of neutral effects over a 10-year follow-up period. These findings reinforce the recommendation to enjoy coffee in moderation, highlighting the need for continued research in this area to inform public health recommendations.
Citations
Conclusion Statement
The present study, which is the first longitudinal investigation never performed examining in a prospective fashion the long-term (10 year) effects of coffee consumption on office, home, and ambulatory BP, provides conclusive evidence that habitual coffee consumption is associated with neutral effects on in-office and out-of-office BP values and related variabilities. This is the also the case for the new-onset hypertensive state.
Citations
Trevano FQ, Vela-Bernal S, Facchetti R, Cuspidi C, Mancia G, Grassi G. Habitual coffee consumption and office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure: results of a 10-year prospective study. J Hypertens. 2024 Jun 1;42(6):1094-1100. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003709. Epub 2024 Apr 22. PMID: 38646971; PMCID: PMC11064901.
Citations
Bhandari B, Zeng L, Grafenauer S, Schutte AE, Xu X. Long-Term Consumption of 6 Different Beverages and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Feb 8;8(3):102095. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102095. PMID: 38425440; PMCID: PMC10904171.
Conclusion Statement
Moderate regular coffee consumption (three to four cups per day) does not adversely affect BP and the cardiovascular system and can be moderately beneficial
Citations
Charchar FJ, Prestes PR, Mills C, Ching SM, Neupane D, Marques FZ, Sharman JE, Vogt L, Burrell LM, Korostovtseva L, Zec M, Patil M, Schultz MG, Wallen MP, Renna NF, Islam SMS, Hiremath S, Gyeltshen T, Chia YC, Gupta A, Schutte AE, Klein B, Borghi C, Browning CJ, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Lee HY, Itoh H, Miura K, Brunström M, Campbell NRC, Akinnibossun OA, Veerabhadrappa P, Wainford RD, Kruger R, Thomas SA, Komori T, Ralapanawa U, Cornelissen VA, Kapil V, Li Y, Zhang Y, Jafar TH, Khan N, Williams B, Stergiou G, Tomaszewski M. Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2024 Jan 1;42(1):23-49. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003563. Epub 2023 Sep 12. PMID: 37712135; PMCID: PMC10713007.
Conclusion Statement
An inverse association was found between coffee consumption and hypertension risk in both cross-sectional and cohort studies. However, this association was dependent on studies characteristics. Further studies considering such factors are required to confirm the results of this study.
Citations
Haghighatdoost F, Hajihashemi P, de Sousa Romeiro AM, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Coffee Consumption and Risk of Hypertension in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2023 Jul 7;15(13):3060. doi: 10.3390/nu15133060. PMID: 37447390; PMCID: PMC10347253.
Conclusion Statement
In this large prospective study, separate and combined coffee and tea consumption were inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Citations
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yang H, Wang Y. Consumption of coffee and tea with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med. 2022 Nov 18;20(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02636-2. PMID: 36397104; PMCID: PMC9673438.
Citations
Cho HJ, Yoo JY, Kim AN, Moon S, Choi J, Kim I, Ko KP, Lee JE, Park SK. Association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in over 190,000 individuals: data from two prospective studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun;73(4):513-521. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2002829. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PMID: 34779701.
Conclusion Statement
In Asian populations, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death overall and with lower risks of death from CVD and cancer. Green tea consumption is associated with lower risks of death from all causes and CVD.
Citations
Shin S, Lee JE, Loftfield E, Shu XO, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Saito E, Islam MR, Tsugane S, Sawada N, Tsuji I, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Sadakane A, Ozasa K, Oze I, Ito H, Shin MH, Ahn YO, Park SK, Shin A, Xiang YB, Cai H, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Yoo KY, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Ahsan H, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Potter JD, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Sinha R. Coffee and tea consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective studies from the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2022 May 9;51(2):626-640. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab161. PMID: 34468722; PMCID: PMC9308394.
Citations
Shahinfar H, Jayedi A, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Coffee consumption and cardiovascular diseases and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Aug 26;31(9):2526-2538. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 May 24. PMID: 34112583.
Citations
Di Maso M, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Bravi F. Caffeinated Coffee Consumption and Health Outcomes in the US Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Estimation of Disease Cases and Deaths Avoided. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jul 30;12(4):1160-1176. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa177. PMID: 33570108; PMCID: PMC8321867.
Citations
Sakamaki T, Kayaba K, Kotani K, Namekawa M, Hamaguchi T, Nakaya N, Ishikawa S. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japan with 18 years of follow-up: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Public Health. 2021 Feb;191:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.021. Epub 2021 Jan 18. PMID: 33476939.
Citations
Ribeiro EM, Alves M, Costa J, Ferreira JJ, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. Safety of coffee consumption after myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov 27;30(12):2146-2158. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.016. Epub 2020 Jul 23. PMID: 33158718.
Conclusion Statement
Drinking coffee, even 1 cup/d, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular, infectious and digestive diseases.
Citations
Yamakawa M, Wada K, Goto Y, Mizuta F, Koda S, Uji T, Nagata C. Associations between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese city: the Takayama study. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Oct;22(14):2561-2568. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000764. Epub 2019 May 20. Erratum in: Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):189-191. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004567. PMID: 31107195; PMCID: PMC10260682.
Citations
Kim Y, Je Y, Giovannucci E. Coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis by potential modifiers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019 Aug;34(8):731-752. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00524-3. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31055709.
Citations
Loftfield E, Cornelis MC, Caporaso N, Yu K, Sinha R, Freedman N. Association of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK Biobank. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1086-1097. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2425. PMID: 29971434; PMCID: PMC6143111.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.
Citations
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5024. Erratum in: BMJ. 2018 Jan 12;360:k194. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k194. PMID: 29167102; PMCID: PMC5696634.
Conclusion Statement
These results confirm prior findings on the reduced risk of mortality associated with coffee drinking but additionally show that this relationship does not vary by country where coffee preparation and drinking habits may differ. The study also reports novel inverse relationships between coffee drinking and digestive disease mortality.
Citations
Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Cross AJ, Dossus L, Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Larsen SC, Redondo Cornejo ML, Agudo A, Sánchez Pérez MJ, Altzibar JM, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Khaw KT, Butterworth A, Bradbury KE, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Grioni S, Vineis P, Panico S, Tumino R, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Siersema P, Leenders M, Beulens JWJ, Uiterwaal CU, Wallström P, Nilsson LM, Landberg R, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Braaten T, Brennan P, Licaj I, Muller DC, Sinha R, Wareham N, Riboli E. Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries: A Multinational Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):236-247. doi: 10.7326/M16-2945. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693038; PMCID: PMC5788283.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations
Citations
Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693036; PMCID: PMC7494322.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee drinking was inversely associated with overall mortality in this large, population-based cohort following adjustment for smoking history and other potential confounders. This association was largely due to inverse associations with several leading causes of death, including heart disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, and intentional self-harm. While we did not observe an association between coffee and cancer mortality, it is possible, given an average of 9 years of follow-up time, that the association between coffee drinking and cancers with a long duration between diagnosis and death (i.e., prostate cancer) could not be observed or that coffee reduces mortality risk for some cancers but not others.
Citations
Loftfield E, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Guertin KA, Black A, Huang WY, Shebl FM, Mayne ST, Sinha R. Association of Coffee Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Dec 15;182(12):1010-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv146. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PMID: 26614599; PMCID: PMC5875735.
Citations
Ding M, Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Hu Y, Sun Q, Han J, Lopez-Garcia E, Willett W, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts. Circulation. 2015 Dec 15;132(24):2305-15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341. Epub 2015 Nov 16. PMID: 26572796; PMCID: PMC4679527.
Citations
Löf M, Sandin S, Yin L, Adami HO, Weiderpass E. Prospective study of coffee consumption and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in Swedish women. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015 Sep;30(9):1027-34. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0052-3. Epub 2015 Jun 16. PMID: 26076920.
Conclusion Statement
With this prospective study, we suggest that the habitual intake of coffee is associated with lower risk of total mortality and 3 leading causes of death in Japan.
Citations
Saito E, Inoue M, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of coffee intake with total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):1029-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104273. Epub 2015 Mar 11. PMID: 25762807.
Conclusion Statement
With this prospective study, we suggest that the habitual intake of coffee is associated with lower risk of total mortality and 3 leading causes of death in Japan.
Citations
Saito E, Inoue M, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of coffee intake with total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):1029-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104273. Epub 2015 Mar 11. PMID: 25762807.
Citations
Ding M, Bhupathiraju SN, Satija A, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Long-term coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Circulation. 2014 Feb 11;129(6):643-59. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005925. Epub 2013 Nov 7. PMID: 24201300; PMCID: PMC3945962.
Citations
Liu J, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Hebert JR, Earnest CP, Zhang J, Blair SN. Association of coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Oct;88(10):1066-74. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.020. Epub 2013 Aug 15. PMID: 23953850; PMCID: PMC3835155.
Citations
Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):285. PMID: 22591295; PMCID: PMC3439152.
Citations
Tamakoshi A, Lin Y, Kawado M, Yagyu K, Kikuchi S, Iso H; JACC Study Group. Effect of coffee consumption on all-cause and total cancer mortality: findings from the JACC study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;26(4):285-93. doi: 10.1007/s10654-011-9548-7. Epub 2011 Feb 6. PMID: 21298466.
Conclusion Statement
Consumption of coffee, a major source of dietary antioxidants, may inhibit inflammation and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women.
Citations
Andersen LF, Jacobs DR Jr, Carlsen MH, Blomhoff R. Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1039. PMID: 16685044.
Diabetes
Citations
Sun D, Gao Y, Xu B, Xiang L, Liu W, Luo H, Wu IXY. Association of coffee consumption with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study in the UK biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Aug 8:S0939-4753(24)00301-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.08.004. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39277537.
Citations
Cho HJ, Yoo JY, Kim AN, Moon S, Choi J, Kim I, Ko KP, Lee JE, Park SK. Association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in over 190,000 individuals: data from two prospective studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun;73(4):513-521. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2002829. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PMID: 34779701.
Citations
Di Maso M, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Bravi F. Caffeinated Coffee Consumption and Health Outcomes in the US Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Estimation of Disease Cases and Deaths Avoided. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jul 30;12(4):1160-1176. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa177. PMID: 33570108; PMCID: PMC8321867.
Citations
Kim Y, Je Y, Giovannucci E. Coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis by potential modifiers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019 Aug;34(8):731-752. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00524-3. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31055709.
Citations
Carlström M, Larsson SC. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2018 Jun 1;76(6):395-417. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy014. PMID: 29590460.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.
Citations
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5024. Erratum in: BMJ. 2018 Jan 12;360:k194. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k194. PMID: 29167102; PMCID: PMC5696634.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations
Citations
Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693036; PMCID: PMC7494322.
Heart Health
Citations
Sun D, Gao Y, Xu B, Xiang L, Liu W, Luo H, Wu IXY. Association of coffee consumption with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study in the UK biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Aug 8:S0939-4753(24)00301-6. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.08.004. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39277537.
Conclusion Statement
In conclusion, this prospective study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between coffee consumption and BP by providing evidence of neutral effects over a 10-year follow-up period. These findings reinforce the recommendation to enjoy coffee in moderation, highlighting the need for continued research in this area to inform public health recommendations.
Citations
Conclusion Statement
The present study, which is the first longitudinal investigation never performed examining in a prospective fashion the long-term (10 year) effects of coffee consumption on office, home, and ambulatory BP, provides conclusive evidence that habitual coffee consumption is associated with neutral effects on in-office and out-of-office BP values and related variabilities. This is the also the case for the new-onset hypertensive state.
Citations
Trevano FQ, Vela-Bernal S, Facchetti R, Cuspidi C, Mancia G, Grassi G. Habitual coffee consumption and office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure: results of a 10-year prospective study. J Hypertens. 2024 Jun 1;42(6):1094-1100. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003709. Epub 2024 Apr 22. PMID: 38646971; PMCID: PMC11064901.
Citations
Bhandari B, Zeng L, Grafenauer S, Schutte AE, Xu X. Long-Term Consumption of 6 Different Beverages and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Feb 8;8(3):102095. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102095. PMID: 38425440; PMCID: PMC10904171.
Conclusion Statement
Moderate regular coffee consumption (three to four cups per day) does not adversely affect BP and the cardiovascular system and can be moderately beneficial
Citations
Charchar FJ, Prestes PR, Mills C, Ching SM, Neupane D, Marques FZ, Sharman JE, Vogt L, Burrell LM, Korostovtseva L, Zec M, Patil M, Schultz MG, Wallen MP, Renna NF, Islam SMS, Hiremath S, Gyeltshen T, Chia YC, Gupta A, Schutte AE, Klein B, Borghi C, Browning CJ, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Lee HY, Itoh H, Miura K, Brunström M, Campbell NRC, Akinnibossun OA, Veerabhadrappa P, Wainford RD, Kruger R, Thomas SA, Komori T, Ralapanawa U, Cornelissen VA, Kapil V, Li Y, Zhang Y, Jafar TH, Khan N, Williams B, Stergiou G, Tomaszewski M. Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2024 Jan 1;42(1):23-49. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003563. Epub 2023 Sep 12. PMID: 37712135; PMCID: PMC10713007.
Conclusion Statement
An inverse association was found between coffee consumption and hypertension risk in both cross-sectional and cohort studies. However, this association was dependent on studies characteristics. Further studies considering such factors are required to confirm the results of this study.
Citations
Haghighatdoost F, Hajihashemi P, de Sousa Romeiro AM, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Coffee Consumption and Risk of Hypertension in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2023 Jul 7;15(13):3060. doi: 10.3390/nu15133060. PMID: 37447390; PMCID: PMC10347253.
Citations
Marcus GM, Rosenthal DG, Nah G, Vittinghoff E, Fang C, Ogomori K, Joyce S, Yilmaz D, Yang V, Kessedjian T, Wilson E, Yang M, Chang K, Wall G, Olgin JE. Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health among Ambulatory Adults. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 23;388(12):1092-1100. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204737. PMID: 36947466; PMCID: PMC10167887.
Conclusion Statement
In this large prospective study, separate and combined coffee and tea consumption were inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Citations
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yang H, Wang Y. Consumption of coffee and tea with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med. 2022 Nov 18;20(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02636-2. PMID: 36397104; PMCID: PMC9673438.
Citations
Cho HJ, Yoo JY, Kim AN, Moon S, Choi J, Kim I, Ko KP, Lee JE, Park SK. Association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in over 190,000 individuals: data from two prospective studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun;73(4):513-521. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2002829. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PMID: 34779701.
Conclusion Statement
In Asian populations, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death overall and with lower risks of death from CVD and cancer. Green tea consumption is associated with lower risks of death from all causes and CVD.
Citations
Shin S, Lee JE, Loftfield E, Shu XO, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Saito E, Islam MR, Tsugane S, Sawada N, Tsuji I, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Sadakane A, Ozasa K, Oze I, Ito H, Shin MH, Ahn YO, Park SK, Shin A, Xiang YB, Cai H, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Yoo KY, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Ahsan H, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Potter JD, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Sinha R. Coffee and tea consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective studies from the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2022 May 9;51(2):626-640. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab161. PMID: 34468722; PMCID: PMC9308394.
Citations
Sakamaki T, Kayaba K, Kotani K, Namekawa M, Hamaguchi T, Nakaya N, Ishikawa S. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japan with 18 years of follow-up: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Public Health. 2021 Feb;191:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.021. Epub 2021 Jan 18. PMID: 33476939.
Citations
Ribeiro EM, Alves M, Costa J, Ferreira JJ, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. Safety of coffee consumption after myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov 27;30(12):2146-2158. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.016. Epub 2020 Jul 23. PMID: 33158718.
Conclusion Statement
Drinking coffee, even 1 cup/d, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular, infectious and digestive diseases.
Citations
Yamakawa M, Wada K, Goto Y, Mizuta F, Koda S, Uji T, Nagata C. Associations between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese city: the Takayama study. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Oct;22(14):2561-2568. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000764. Epub 2019 May 20. Erratum in: Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):189-191. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004567. PMID: 31107195; PMCID: PMC10260682.
Citations
Kim Y, Je Y, Giovannucci E. Coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis by potential modifiers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019 Aug;34(8):731-752. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00524-3. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31055709.
Citations
Abe SK, Saito E, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Ito H, Lin Y, Tamakoshi A, Sado J, Kitamura Y, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I, Nagata C, Sadakane A, Shimazu T, Mizoue T, Matsuo K, Naito M, Tanaka K, Inoue M; Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japanese men and women: A pooled analysis of eight population-based cohort studies in Japan (Japan Cohort Consortium). Prev Med. 2019 Jun;123:270-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 2. PMID: 30951734.
Citations
Loftfield E, Cornelis MC, Caporaso N, Yu K, Sinha R, Freedman N. Association of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK Biobank. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1086-1097. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2425. PMID: 29971434; PMCID: PMC6143111.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.
Citations
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5024. Erratum in: BMJ. 2018 Jan 12;360:k194. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k194. PMID: 29167102; PMCID: PMC5696634.
Conclusion Statement
These results confirm prior findings on the reduced risk of mortality associated with coffee drinking but additionally show that this relationship does not vary by country where coffee preparation and drinking habits may differ. The study also reports novel inverse relationships between coffee drinking and digestive disease mortality.
Citations
Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Cross AJ, Dossus L, Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Larsen SC, Redondo Cornejo ML, Agudo A, Sánchez Pérez MJ, Altzibar JM, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Khaw KT, Butterworth A, Bradbury KE, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Grioni S, Vineis P, Panico S, Tumino R, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Siersema P, Leenders M, Beulens JWJ, Uiterwaal CU, Wallström P, Nilsson LM, Landberg R, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Braaten T, Brennan P, Licaj I, Muller DC, Sinha R, Wareham N, Riboli E. Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries: A Multinational Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):236-247. doi: 10.7326/M16-2945. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693038; PMCID: PMC5788283.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations
Citations
Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693036; PMCID: PMC7494322.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee drinking was inversely associated with overall mortality in this large, population-based cohort following adjustment for smoking history and other potential confounders. This association was largely due to inverse associations with several leading causes of death, including heart disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, and intentional self-harm. While we did not observe an association between coffee and cancer mortality, it is possible, given an average of 9 years of follow-up time, that the association between coffee drinking and cancers with a long duration between diagnosis and death (i.e., prostate cancer) could not be observed or that coffee reduces mortality risk for some cancers but not others.
Citations
Loftfield E, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Guertin KA, Black A, Huang WY, Shebl FM, Mayne ST, Sinha R. Association of Coffee Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Dec 15;182(12):1010-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv146. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PMID: 26614599; PMCID: PMC5875735.
Citations
Ding M, Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Hu Y, Sun Q, Han J, Lopez-Garcia E, Willett W, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts. Circulation. 2015 Dec 15;132(24):2305-15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341. Epub 2015 Nov 16. PMID: 26572796; PMCID: PMC4679527.
Citations
Löf M, Sandin S, Yin L, Adami HO, Weiderpass E. Prospective study of coffee consumption and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in Swedish women. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015 Sep;30(9):1027-34. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0052-3. Epub 2015 Jun 16. PMID: 26076920.
Conclusion Statement
With this prospective study, we suggest that the habitual intake of coffee is associated with lower risk of total mortality and 3 leading causes of death in Japan.
Citations
Saito E, Inoue M, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of coffee intake with total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):1029-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104273. Epub 2015 Mar 11. PMID: 25762807.
Citations
Ding M, Bhupathiraju SN, Satija A, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Long-term coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Circulation. 2014 Feb 11;129(6):643-59. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005925. Epub 2013 Nov 7. PMID: 24201300; PMCID: PMC3945962.
Citations
Liu J, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Hebert JR, Earnest CP, Zhang J, Blair SN. Association of coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Oct;88(10):1066-74. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.020. Epub 2013 Aug 15. PMID: 23953850; PMCID: PMC3835155.
Citations
Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):285. PMID: 22591295; PMCID: PMC3439152.
Citations
Klatsky AL, Hasan AS, Armstrong MA, Udaltsova N, Morton C. Coffee, caffeine, and risk of hospitalization for arrhythmias. Perm J. 2011 Summer;15(3):19-25. doi: 10.7812/TPP/11-020. PMID: 22058665; PMCID: PMC3200095.
Citations
Tamakoshi A, Lin Y, Kawado M, Yagyu K, Kikuchi S, Iso H; JACC Study Group. Effect of coffee consumption on all-cause and total cancer mortality: findings from the JACC study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;26(4):285-93. doi: 10.1007/s10654-011-9548-7. Epub 2011 Feb 6. PMID: 21298466.
Conclusion Statement
Consumption of coffee, a major source of dietary antioxidants, may inhibit inflammation and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women.
Citations
Andersen LF, Jacobs DR Jr, Carlsen MH, Blomhoff R. Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1039. PMID: 16685044.
Hydration
Conclusion Statement
Results: Total urine masses (mean ± SD) over 4 h were smaller than the still-water control (1337 ± 330 g) after an oral rehydration solution (ORS) (1038 ± 333 g, P < 0.001), full-fat milk (1052 ± 267 g, P < 0.001), and skimmed milk (1049 ± 334 g, P < 0.001). Cumulative urine output at 4 h after ingestion of cola, diet cola, hot tea, iced tea, coffee, lager, orange juice, sparkling water, and a sports drink were not different from the response to water ingestion. The mean BHI at 2 h was 1.54 ± 0.74 for the ORS, 1.50 ± 0.58 for full-fat milk, and 1.58 ± 0.60 for skimmed milk.
Conclusions: BHI may be a useful measure to identify the short-term hydration potential of different beverages when ingested in a euhydrated state. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN13014105.
Citations
Maughan RJ, Watson P, Cordery PA, Walsh NP, Oliver SJ, Dolci A, Rodriguez-Sanchez N, Galloway SD. A randomized trial to assess the potential of different beverages to affect hydration status: development of a beverage hydration index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Mar;103(3):717-23. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114769. Epub 2015 Dec 23. PMID: 26702122.
Citations
Zhang Y, Coca A, Casa DJ, Antonio J, Green JM, Bishop PA. Caffeine and diuresis during rest and exercise: A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015 Sep;18(5):569-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.017. Epub 2014 Aug 9. PMID: 25154702; PMCID: PMC4725310.
Citations
Maughan RJ, Griffin J. Caffeine ingestion and fluid balance: a review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2003 Dec;16(6):411-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2003.00477.x. PMID: 19774754.
Liver and Kidney Health
Conclusion Statement
In ARIC, higher amounts of average daily coffee consumption were associated with a lower risk of incident AKI. Coffee consumption was highest in males, White participants, smokers, individuals without diabetes, and people with lean BMIes, normal BP, and higher total energy intake per day. When we adjusted for age, sex, race-center, education, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, diet, BP, diabetes status, use of antihypertensive medication, kidney function, and BMI, individuals who consumed any amount of daily coffee still had an 11% lower risk of developing AKI compared with individuals who had never consumed coffee. AKI risk reduction was dose-dependent, with the most substantial reductions observed in the group that consumed 2 to 3 cups/d of coffee.
Citations
Tommerdahl KL, Hu EA, Selvin E, Steffen LM, Coresh J, Grams ME, Bjornstad P, Rebholz CM, Parikh CR. Coffee Consumption May Mitigate the Risk for Acute Kidney Injury: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 May 5;7(7):1665-1672. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.04.091. PMID: 35812301; PMCID: PMC9263223.
Citations
Di Maso M, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Bravi F. Caffeinated Coffee Consumption and Health Outcomes in the US Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Estimation of Disease Cases and Deaths Avoided. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jul 30;12(4):1160-1176. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa177. PMID: 33570108; PMCID: PMC8321867.
Citations
Kanbay M, Siriopol D, Copur S, Tapoi L, Benchea L, Kuwabara M, Rossignol P, Ortiz A, Covic A, Afsar B. Effect of Coffee Consumption on Renal Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies. J Ren Nutr. 2021 Jan;31(1):5-20. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.08.004. Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID: 32958376.
Conclusion Statement
Regular coffee consumption is significantly associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD. It is also significantly associated with decreased risk of liver fibrosis development in already diagnosed NAFLD patients. Although coffee consumption may be considered an essential preventive measure for NAFLD, this subject needs further epidemiological studies.
Citations
Hayat U, Siddiqui AA, Okut H, Afroz S, Tasleem S, Haris A. The effect of coffee consumption on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis of 11 epidemiological studies. Ann Hepatol. 2021 Jan-Feb;20:100254. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.071. Epub 2020 Sep 10. PMID: 32920163.
Citations
Srithongkul T, Ungprasert P. Coffee Consumption is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Jul;77:111-116. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.018. Epub 2020 Apr 18. PMID: 32317238.
Citations
Hu EA, Selvin E, Grams ME, Steffen LM, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Coffee Consumption and Incident Kidney Disease: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Aug;72(2):214-222. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.01.030. Epub 2018 Mar 20. PMID: 29571833; PMCID: PMC6057809.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.
Citations
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5024. Erratum in: BMJ. 2018 Jan 12;360:k194. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k194. PMID: 29167102; PMCID: PMC5696634.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations
Citations
Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693036; PMCID: PMC7494322.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee drinking was inversely associated with overall mortality in this large, population-based cohort following adjustment for smoking history and other potential confounders. This association was largely due to inverse associations with several leading causes of death, including heart disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, and intentional self-harm. While we did not observe an association between coffee and cancer mortality, it is possible, given an average of 9 years of follow-up time, that the association between coffee drinking and cancers with a long duration between diagnosis and death (i.e., prostate cancer) could not be observed or that coffee reduces mortality risk for some cancers but not others.
Citations
Loftfield E, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Guertin KA, Black A, Huang WY, Shebl FM, Mayne ST, Sinha R. Association of Coffee Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Dec 15;182(12):1010-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv146. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PMID: 26614599; PMCID: PMC5875735.
Citations
Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):285. PMID: 22591295; PMCID: PMC3439152.
Longevity
Conclusion Statement
Citations
Oyelere AM, Kok DE, Bos D, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Keski-Rahkonen P, de Wilt JHW, van Halteren HK, Kouwenhoven EA, van Duijnhoven FJB, Kampman E. Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. Int J Cancer. 2024 Jun 15;154(12):2054-2063. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34879. Epub 2024 Feb 12. PMID: 38346920.
Conclusion Statement
In this large prospective study, separate and combined coffee and tea consumption were inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Citations
Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yang H, Wang Y. Consumption of coffee and tea with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med. 2022 Nov 18;20(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02636-2. PMID: 36397104; PMCID: PMC9673438.
Citations
Cho HJ, Yoo JY, Kim AN, Moon S, Choi J, Kim I, Ko KP, Lee JE, Park SK. Association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in over 190,000 individuals: data from two prospective studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jun;73(4):513-521. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2002829. Epub 2021 Nov 15. PMID: 34779701.
Conclusion Statement
In Asian populations, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death overall and with lower risks of death from CVD and cancer. Green tea consumption is associated with lower risks of death from all causes and CVD.
Citations
Shin S, Lee JE, Loftfield E, Shu XO, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Saito E, Islam MR, Tsugane S, Sawada N, Tsuji I, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Sadakane A, Ozasa K, Oze I, Ito H, Shin MH, Ahn YO, Park SK, Shin A, Xiang YB, Cai H, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Yoo KY, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Ahsan H, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Potter JD, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Sinha R. Coffee and tea consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective studies from the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2022 May 9;51(2):626-640. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab161. PMID: 34468722; PMCID: PMC9308394.
Citations
Shahinfar H, Jayedi A, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Coffee consumption and cardiovascular diseases and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Aug 26;31(9):2526-2538. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 May 24. PMID: 34112583.
Citations
Di Maso M, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Bravi F. Caffeinated Coffee Consumption and Health Outcomes in the US Population: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Estimation of Disease Cases and Deaths Avoided. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jul 30;12(4):1160-1176. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa177. PMID: 33570108; PMCID: PMC8321867.
Citations
Sakamaki T, Kayaba K, Kotani K, Namekawa M, Hamaguchi T, Nakaya N, Ishikawa S. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japan with 18 years of follow-up: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Public Health. 2021 Feb;191:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.021. Epub 2021 Jan 18. PMID: 33476939.
Citations
Ribeiro EM, Alves M, Costa J, Ferreira JJ, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. Safety of coffee consumption after myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov 27;30(12):2146-2158. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.016. Epub 2020 Jul 23. PMID: 33158718.
Conclusion Statement
Drinking coffee, even 1 cup/d, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular, infectious and digestive diseases.
Citations
Yamakawa M, Wada K, Goto Y, Mizuta F, Koda S, Uji T, Nagata C. Associations between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese city: the Takayama study. Public Health Nutr. 2019 Oct;22(14):2561-2568. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000764. Epub 2019 May 20. Erratum in: Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jan;23(1):189-191. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004567. PMID: 31107195; PMCID: PMC10260682.
Citations
Kim Y, Je Y, Giovannucci E. Coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis by potential modifiers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019 Aug;34(8):731-752. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00524-3. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31055709.
Citations
Abe SK, Saito E, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Ito H, Lin Y, Tamakoshi A, Sado J, Kitamura Y, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I, Nagata C, Sadakane A, Shimazu T, Mizoue T, Matsuo K, Naito M, Tanaka K, Inoue M; Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan. Coffee consumption and mortality in Japanese men and women: A pooled analysis of eight population-based cohort studies in Japan (Japan Cohort Consortium). Prev Med. 2019 Jun;123:270-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 2. PMID: 30951734.
Citations
Loftfield E, Cornelis MC, Caporaso N, Yu K, Sinha R, Freedman N. Association of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK Biobank. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1086-1097. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2425. PMID: 29971434; PMCID: PMC6143111.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.
Citations
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5024. Erratum in: BMJ. 2018 Jan 12;360:k194. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k194. PMID: 29167102; PMCID: PMC5696634.
Conclusion Statement
These results confirm prior findings on the reduced risk of mortality associated with coffee drinking but additionally show that this relationship does not vary by country where coffee preparation and drinking habits may differ. The study also reports novel inverse relationships between coffee drinking and digestive disease mortality.
Citations
Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Cross AJ, Dossus L, Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Larsen SC, Redondo Cornejo ML, Agudo A, Sánchez Pérez MJ, Altzibar JM, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Khaw KT, Butterworth A, Bradbury KE, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Grioni S, Vineis P, Panico S, Tumino R, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Siersema P, Leenders M, Beulens JWJ, Uiterwaal CU, Wallström P, Nilsson LM, Landberg R, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Braaten T, Brennan P, Licaj I, Muller DC, Sinha R, Wareham N, Riboli E. Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries: A Multinational Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):236-247. doi: 10.7326/M16-2945. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693038; PMCID: PMC5788283.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations
Citations
Park SY, Freedman ND, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28693036; PMCID: PMC7494322.
Conclusion Statement
Coffee drinking was inversely associated with overall mortality in this large, population-based cohort following adjustment for smoking history and other potential confounders. This association was largely due to inverse associations with several leading causes of death, including heart disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, and intentional self-harm. While we did not observe an association between coffee and cancer mortality, it is possible, given an average of 9 years of follow-up time, that the association between coffee drinking and cancers with a long duration between diagnosis and death (i.e., prostate cancer) could not be observed or that coffee reduces mortality risk for some cancers but not others.
Citations
Loftfield E, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Guertin KA, Black A, Huang WY, Shebl FM, Mayne ST, Sinha R. Association of Coffee Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Dec 15;182(12):1010-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv146. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PMID: 26614599; PMCID: PMC5875735.
Citations
Ding M, Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Hu Y, Sun Q, Han J, Lopez-Garcia E, Willett W, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts. Circulation. 2015 Dec 15;132(24):2305-15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341. Epub 2015 Nov 16. PMID: 26572796; PMCID: PMC4679527.
Citations
Löf M, Sandin S, Yin L, Adami HO, Weiderpass E. Prospective study of coffee consumption and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in Swedish women. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015 Sep;30(9):1027-34. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0052-3. Epub 2015 Jun 16. PMID: 26076920.
Conclusion Statement
With this prospective study, we suggest that the habitual intake of coffee is associated with lower risk of total mortality and 3 leading causes of death in Japan.
Citations
Saito E, Inoue M, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of coffee intake with total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):1029-37. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104273. Epub 2015 Mar 11. PMID: 25762807.
Citations
Liu J, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Hebert JR, Earnest CP, Zhang J, Blair SN. Association of coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Oct;88(10):1066-74. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.020. Epub 2013 Aug 15. PMID: 23953850; PMCID: PMC3835155.
Citations
Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112010. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):285. PMID: 22591295; PMCID: PMC3439152.
Citations
Tamakoshi A, Lin Y, Kawado M, Yagyu K, Kikuchi S, Iso H; JACC Study Group. Effect of coffee consumption on all-cause and total cancer mortality: findings from the JACC study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;26(4):285-93. doi: 10.1007/s10654-011-9548-7. Epub 2011 Feb 6. PMID: 21298466.
Conclusion Statement
Consumption of coffee, a major source of dietary antioxidants, may inhibit inflammation and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women.
Citations
Andersen LF, Jacobs DR Jr, Carlsen MH, Blomhoff R. Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1039. PMID: 16685044.
Other
Conclusion Statement
Citations
Pang S, Miao G, Zhou Y, Duan M, Bai L, Zhao X. Association between coffee intake and frailty among older American adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. Front Nutr. 2023 Feb 2;10:1075817. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1075817. PMID: 36819700; PMCID: PMC9932698.
Citations
Han YY ,, Forno E, Celedón JC. Urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites, asthma, and lung function in a nationwide study of U.S. adults. J Asthma. 2022 Nov;59(11):2127-2134. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1993250. Epub 2021 Oct 27. PMID: 34644210; PMCID: PMC9302926.
Citations
Welsh EJ, Bara A, Barley E, Cates CJ. Caffeine for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;2010(1):CD001112. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001112.pub2. PMID: 20091514; PMCID: PMC7053252.
Citations
Nettleton JA, Follis JL, Schabath MB. Coffee intake, smoking, and pulmonary function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Jun 15;169(12):1445-53. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp068. Epub 2009 Apr 16. PMID: 19372215; PMCID: PMC2727200.
